Three highiron crude oils were studied for iron distributions, deferrization, and desalting in the desalting process. Crude oil treating systems introduction conditioning of oilfield crude oils for pipeline quality has been complicated by water produced with the oil. The amount of salt in the crude can vary typically between 5 to 200 ptb depending on the crude source, api, viscosity and other properties of the crude. Demulsifying agents are added at this stage to aid in breaking the emulsion by. In crude oil desalting processes, mass transfer occurs mainly during the stage of crude oil contact with fresh water. Topics that will be covered on this day include the main problems of salty crude oil, oil desalting principles, equipment, processes, technologies, and the life cycle costing for selection considerations. The transportation of these crude oils through pipe lines has led to erosiveand corrosive effects, which are a tremendous cost to the petroleum industry. Purchase fundamentals of petroleum refining 1st edition. An optimum formulation concept is presented to describe emulsion. The two most typical methods of crudeoil desalting, chemical and electrostatic separation, use hot water as the extraction agent.
Such a common emulsion may contain up to 25% water cut. The salt content after the desalter is usually measured in ptb pounds of salt per thousand barrels of crude oil. Can standard electrostatic desalter handle such heavy. In the case of waterincrudeoil emulsions, a balanced optimum formulation is. The desalting is usually the first process in crude oil refining. Desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production. Crude oil desalting plant this facility is intended for desalination of crude oil for oils with large content of chlorides over 100 mgdm3. Operation and design considerations will also be covered. Crude oil dehydration and desalting system with a higher. In widening its vision also to incorporate a geological history of petroleum formation, presentday geopolitical and economic issues, and approaches to redress and improve the delicate ties between the petroleum. Desalting crude oils refining, hydrocarbons, oil, and. The designed controller was tested and implemented on. A desalter is a process unit in an oil refinery that removes salt from the crude oil.
This book is the most uptodate and comprehensive coverage of the most significant and recent changes to petroleum refining, presenting the stateofthe art to. The primary means to remove these contaminants is the desalting process. Crude oil desalter encyclopedia article citizendium. Pdf experimental investigation of crude oil desalting and. Therefore, to have an efficient desalting process, this stage should have a balance between particle diameter and the contact area of the water dispersed within the crude oil so that the size of the water droplets is small. Desalting crude oils posted in refining, hydrocarbons, oil, and gas. This handbook is an essential addition to the libraries of universities which contain a chemical engineering faculty as well as to the libraries of. Crude oil desalting process betz laboratories, inc. As per design, a typical desaltingdehydration plant would meet acceptable crude oil specifications. Use of advanced electrostatic fields for improved dehydration and desalting of heavy crude oil and dilbit e.
In widening its vision also to incorporate a geological history of petroleum formation, presentday geopolitical and economic issues, and approaches to redress and improve the delicate ties between the. Crude desalting posted in refining, hydrocarbons, oil, and gas. Influence of key parameters on crude oil desalting. Further treatment of crude oil takes place which involves emulsion treatmentdehydration and desalting.
For the following reasons, it is of utmost importance to reduce the amount of salt in the crude before processing the crude in the crude distillation unit and consequently downstream processing. Study on the deferrization and desalting for crude oils. Mandawalkar cameron process systems this paper has been selected for presentation andor publication in the proceedings for the 2012 world heavy oil congress whoc12. The desalting of crude oil is a process that does not have a high profile, but is vital to the operation of the modern petroleum refinery.
Crude oil chemistry 1st edition vasily simanzhenkov. The dewatering and desalting of crude oil becomes more difficult when we talk about heavy crude oil from api 19 and higher densities. I know few things about chemical and electrostatic desalting. Optimum electrostatic desalting efficiency of alfulla. In addition to fueling our suvs and illuminating our cities, crude oil and its byproducts fertilize our produce, pave our roads, and make plastic possible. The desalter removes salt, water and other contaminants from crude oil prior to distillation in an atmospheric tower. The undoubtedly interesting and important dynamics between crude oil, natural gas and coal prices is left out of the analysis as well. The mix valve creates vigorous contact between the water and crude resulting. Its also the source of the building blocks that todays molecular architects use for a wide range of useful chemical products that weve come to regard as vital to everyday life. Here, the high gforces of centrifuges ensure the highest separation efficiency and help to reduce amount of chemicals and improve the separation. This article focuses on the use of electrostatic desalters to produce a dehydrated, desalted crude oil with a low sediment content. A method for desalting and substantially breaking an oilinwater emulsion, comprising providing an oilinwater emulsion wherein the water content is about less than or equal to 30% by volume, mixing the emulsion with a demulsifier and water to form an emulsion mixture, and passing the emulsion mixture through a mixing pipeline means of length. The salt content of the crude measured in pounds per thousand barrels can be as high as 2000.
The immediate product extracted from oil and gas wells consists of mixtures of oil, gas, and water that is difficult to transport, requiring a certain amount of field processing. Crude oil flowrate is 80 % of the feed, pressure is 1. Introduction when the crude oil enters the unit, it carries with it some brine in the form of very fine water droplets emulsified in the crude oil. Covers process descriptions, design method, operating procedures, and troubleshooting in great detail. Desalters provide more protection to costly refinery equipment than any other single piece of process. The fractions recovered from the atmospheric distillation tower include naphtha, kerosene, diesel and bottoms liquid called atmospheric resid. Almost all refineries now use electrostatic desalters. Additionally, any experience with desalting of heavy crudes 1015 api, e. To increase market value of crude oil and to meet requirements for treatment of crude, it is necessary to remove salts, solids and water. Salts, which normally occur in the form of brine suspended in the crude, promote corrosion, fouling. Reasons such as offtopic, duplicates, flames, illegal, vulgar, or students posting their homework. Challenges to desalting heavycrude oil kremer, lawrence n on.
This reference analyzes principles and procedures related to the processing of reservoir fluids for the separation, handling, treatment, and production of quality petroleum oil and gas products. Water is added in an amount of approximately between 5% and 10% by volume of crude. An optimum formulation concept is presented to describe emulsion breaking in. Pdf experimental investigation of crude oil desalting. I need iformation regarding desalting of crude oil.
Or it is better just to inject anticorrosion agents. Alfulla crude oil, desalting, density, viscosity, conductivity. An increase of one part per million ppm of water and brine reduces the cost of crude oil by approximately 0. Desalting of crude oil is an essential part of the refinery operation. Crude desalting refining, hydrocarbons, oil, and gas. Desalting is commonly performed using electrostatic separating tanks, 50100m 3, operating at relatively high pressures of about 20 bar, and temperatures up to 160 o c. The salt is dissolved in the water in the crude oil, not in the crude oil itself. Desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil cleanup. The crude oil is heated and mixed with sweet water and often demulsifiers in order to dilute the salt, and the emulsion is separated in the electroseparators. A crude oil desalter is a device used in petroleum refineries to remove inorganic salts, water and sediment from the incoming petroleum crude oil feedstock before it is refined. The aim of this paper is to present an artificial neural network ann controller trained on a historical data set that covers a wide operating range of the fundamental parameters that affect the demulsifier dosage in a crude oil desalting process. Fouling as it pertains to petroleum is deposit formation, encrustation.
Salt and water content specifications are even more rigid because of their negative effect in downstream processes due to corrosion, and catalyst deactivation. Crude oilwater emulsions typically contain 530% of water when oils are produced from oil wells. This reference work targets researchers who have chosen a career in this complex but essential industry as well as people who are new in the industry and are looking for easy references to the work in which they are involved. The journal includes timely articles on the demulsification, desalting, and desulfurizing of crude oil. Desalting of crude oil is necessary due to the relationship between the price of exported crude oil and its quality. When the crude oil enters the unit, it carries with it some brine in the form of very fine water droplets emulsified in the crude oil. Can anyone advise whether it is worth to install desalter for crude with salt content 1020 ptb. Either way, you have to verify your simulation somehow api data books,etc. Crude oil chemistry is foremost a scientifically exact guide to the full family of classical and modern analytical and process technologies in petroleum refining. The water dissolves salt crystals and the mixing distributes the salts into the water, uniformly producing very tiny droplets. The first oil refinery unit is crude oil desalting. For the following reasons, it is of utmost importance to reduce the amount of salt in the crude before processing the crude in the crude distillation unit and consequently. As a first step in the refining process, to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning the catalysts in processing units, these contaminants must be removed by desalting dehydration. Larry kremer, baker petrolite crude oil quality group may 29, 2003 this presentation contains the proprietary information of baker petrolite corporation.
Discover how to manage chloride in the refinery crude unit. The equipment used for the removal of salts, suspended solids and water soluble trace metalsslits, iron oxides, sand etc. By reading this presentation, the reader agrees not to disclose any information contained in the presentation without the prio. Non standard tests for predict impact of crude oil quality. Guide to the practical use of chemicals in refineries and pipelines. Chapter 3 refining chemistry and fouling potential. Four deferric agents were synthesized for the testing. Crude oil desalting emulsion sodium chloride free 30.
Crude oil doesnt just provide us with the fuels to drive the world and its economy. Deferric agents te3 and te4 of the polyamine carboxylate types had a better. Crude desalting article about crude desalting by the. Crude oil desalting principles of crude oil desalting desalting is an integral part of refinery crude oil processing and can be the key to controlling pipestill corrosion, heat exchanger fouling, furnace tube coking, and process water disposal. Crude is the unexpurgated story of oil, from the circumstances of its birth millions of years ago to the spectacle of its rise as the indispensable ingredient of modern life. The washing of crude oil with water in order to remove materials such as dirt, silt, and watersoluble minerals explanation of crude desalting. Characterization and modeling of a crude oil desalting. Crude desalting article about crude desalting by the free dictionary. Petroleum refining design and applications handbook wiley. While analyzing the prices i focus mostly on microeconomic concepts. The added water is intimately mixed with the crude oil to contact the impurities therein, thereby transferring these impurities into the water phase of the. Physical sciences, engineering and technologychemistry 161 computer.
We determine the process economics for two cases of twostage electrostatic desalting in a refinery. Please let us know here why this post is inappropriate. Crude oil treating and oil desalting systems on globalspec. Designing and testing a chemical demulsifier dosage. Summary crude oil chemistry is foremost a scientifically exact guide to the full family of classical and modern analytical and process technologies in petroleum refining. Crude oil chemistry is foremost a scientifically exact guide to the full family of. In chemical desalting, water and chemical surfactant demulsifiers are added to the crude, heated so that salts and other impurities dissolve into the water or attach to the water, and then held in a tank where.
The saltsmay be present in crude oil in amounts ranging from a few pounds to over lb. Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils home springer. Pdf oil produced in most oil fields is accompanied by water in the form of an emulsion that must be treated. Crude oil often contains water, inorganic salts, suspended solids, and watersoluble trace metals. Crude oil desalting water washing water is mixed with the incoming crude oil through a mixing valve. The focus of day three will be about crude oil desalting.
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